Established observability
Neural activity produces measurable electrical and magnetic signals; defined BCI decoding is established in controlled settings.
CSP studies physical signals generated by, correlated with, or capable of influencing cognitive processes — with particular attention to information content, individual specificity, detectability, propagation and causal interaction.
CSP advances only when candidate effects survive controls, prospective tests, provenance checks and replication. The animation below is a conceptual measurement visual—not recorded neural data.
Neural activity produces measurable electrical and magnetic signals; defined BCI decoding is established in controlled settings.
Test stable, individual signal structure prospectively across sessions and devices.
Characterize lawful distance effects while excluding motion, acoustic and electromagnetic leakage.
Test reproducible association and causal sensitivity before any communication interpretation.
Extraordinary claims require sealed decoding tests, leakage audits and independent replication.